From Teacher To Facilitator Education Essay

As clip base on balls by many definitions have changed. In the educational scene a major function alteration has occurred. A instructor has been changed to facilitator. As our immature coevals is really smart there is no demand to learn them. Our major function is to ‘facilitate ‘ them to sail swimmingly around the universe, to acquire along with the people and understand the constructs. As the instructor preparation establishments are dawdling in transfiguring the instructor into facilitator the duties are with the schools to develop their instructors and to alter the instructors as to effectual instructors or facilitators. ‘The instructor is non an teacher or undertaking – Masterss ; he/she is a assistant and a usher. His/ her concern is to propose and non to enforce. He does non really develop the students head, he merely shows him how to hone his instruments of cognition and aid and encourages him in the procedure ‘ . Sri Aurobindo.EXPECTED QUALITIES OF A TEACHER:A instructor should play a dynamic function in cultivating a sense of International apprehension. It is extremely possible in schools as it is said that the immature bamboo can easy be dead set. For which a instructor must hold the undermentioned professional ethical values to go an effectual instructor. Preparation and professional growing ; A instructor must keep an unfastened head towards educational theories and methods of learning etc. He / she must seek to polish and better his/her method of instruction, rating and interaction etc. This can be attained by take parting sporadically in In service programmes. Relationship with students ; An ethical instructor must hold a just relationship with the pupils. He/she should cover the students in a spirit of kindness and democracy. Any spiritual, political or other private beliefs should non be imposed on students. The instructors should protect the rights of students. Relationship with parents and community ; Teachers should keep a affable relationship with the parents and community. Apart from go toing school responsibilities a instructor can take portion in any activity which is for the betterment of the community. They should non go to any of the activities which would harm their instruction efficiency. Relationship between instructors and school functionaries ; It should be really co secret agent, non to take any unjust or undue advantages of one ‘s public place. They should non go through any unfavorable remarks on any of their co-workers particularly in their absence.CODE OF CONDUCT:Every profession has its ain codification of behavior to be followed by the practicians. They are monitored by several professional organisations to safeguard the self-respect of the profession, like Bar council for Lawyers and Medical council for physicians. But there is no such professional organic structure to supervise the codification of behavior of instructors. Equally good as now a yearss there are some issues exposed by the Medias in such a manner that the full field of this profession becomes anti societal. This creates an unbarred feeling among the instructors which affects their efficiency a batch. So, this is the responsibility of the school directions to take attention of this and to supply comfort and religious support to the instructors to obtain maximal teaching efficiency.ROLE Model:‘Be the alteration what you want ‘ as the words of Mahatma the instructor 1 who wants to construct the values in the immature heads of his/her pupils must possess their ain personal values like ; Simplicity, Punctuality, Acting without prejudice, Being responsibility witting, Maintaining linguistic communication and frock codification, Helping the hapless and destitute etc. Harmonizing to Hawkins, ‘the psyche is non contained within the organic structure but outside, in the theater of committednesss. It is the relationships that one forms with those around them, determine the personality and character of an person ‘ . So, the instructor instruction institutes must take up the duty to instill the above values added to their course of study. When a facilitator is sort, emphathetic and gives importance to human values. He himself becomes a function theoretical account. There is no demand to ‘preach ‘ or ‘teach ‘ . He becomes the ‘pied piper ‘ who lures off pupils with his enchanted cognition.Class ROOM MANAGEMENT:‘Education is non make fulling a pail but illuming a fire ‘ W.B.Yeats. Research has shown us that instructors ‘ actions in their category suites have twice the impact on their pupils ‘ accomplishments as do school policies sing course of study, appraisal, staff congenialness and community engagement. The instructors should be able to sympathize with pupils, understand their universe and listen to them. They should be certain, decided and clear in the manner they communicate with pupils.Principles OF Teaching:Harmonizing to Sri Aurobindo the rules of learning are, ‘The first rule of true instruction is that nil can be taught. The 2nd rule is that the head has to be consulted in its growing. The 3rd rule is to work from the close to the far ; from that which is, to that which shall be ‘ . Any instructor who follows these rules can be an effectual instructor.BEST PRACTICES FOR TEACHING, LEARNING IMPROVEMENT:Each kid is alone. Educating the whole kid is the demand of the hr. Effective instructor will do a life altering difference for pupils, conform to effectual pattern and indispensable criterions. In USA, it was ab initio focused on the employment of ‘highly qualified ‘ instructors, and newer thought has upgraded to ‘highly effectual ‘ instructors as no kid should be left behind. The National Development Council of India in 2001 added this as one of the criterions for the professional development which will better the acquisition of pupils that every Teacher Training Institution should Concentrate on quality learning including content cognition and teaching method for staff development. A instructor may possess all the appropriate content and pedagogical background and be to the full licensed or certified to learn, but in world, may non be one whose makings make a difference in the schoolroom. In other words, being extremely qualified does non needfully intend that a instructor is extremely effectual in easing pupil larning. An effectual instructor is the 1 who is able to do kids understand the construct, larn it and put to death it. An effectual facilitator does non perplex on the pupils encephalon with excessively much information like an adept cook adds merely the indispensable sum of salt ( information ) to do the soup ( surveies ) tasty. In fact, recent research asserts that the instructor is the most of import factor impacting acquisition. The instructor is more of import than household background or environment, and, schoolroom resources or engineering.Teachers AS Facilitator:The Research Report at 7 major US Universities presented by Seymons and Hewitt ( 197 7 ) describes the undermentioned as necessities for learning effectivity. All the schools can follow them for the school betterment and therefore the national development. A method of measuring effectual instruction by supervising the pupils whether they are actively engaged, concentrating and interacting, express joying, finishing undertakings and expecting what comes following. The instructor should be knowing, enthusiastic, accessible and lovingness. The instructor should give constructive feedback and supports less able pupils, utilizing a broad assortment of learning methods. The instructor should be responsible hazard taker and willing to introduce. The instructor should appreciate the creativeness of the pupils and promote their thought ‘outside the box ‘ . The instructor should promote the oppugning attitude of the pupils. The focal point in the schoolroom is on how to larn instead than what to larn. The accomplishments of critical thought should be consciously thought instead than inquiring the pupils to compare and contrast. Finally, the instructor should assist the pupils to pattern the accomplishments.Sri Seshaas Teachers as Facilitators:We about follow all the stairss. In our school we provide a fear free schooling and the exact CCE ( uninterrupted and comprehensive rating ) is carried out. There is no fixed day of the month of test and tenseness to the pupils and so they enjoy their stay and acquisition in the school. The most indispensable standards for the assignment of instructors of our school is their attitude towards the kids and their profession and non their figure of grades they have. We have 10 % reserve in admittance for the particular kids. We do n't name them as less able but particular. A squad of our instructors under the leading of our adviser psychologist works difficult as responsible hazard takers. We name it ‘Punyabhadra ‘ . The pupils are encouraged in making their ain thoughts instead than feeding them with ours. Whenever they take portion in the outside competitions like scientific discipline exhibition etc. We do n't trouble oneself about the consequence but the pupils ‘ ain thoughts and active engagement are given importance. This freedom made them even at NASA Space School Learning Centre to win with their illumination theoretical accounts of Rocket and Rover. We adopt idiscoveri methodological analysis in which learning – acquisition is child centered. Our instructors ‘ occupation is to reply the pupils ‘ inquiries and non merely to complete the figure of subjects. Every twenty-four hours forenoon assembly is taken charge by the pupils. Almost every pupil is given a opportunity to take portion in it. It gives them a pride, encourages them to take duties. As they give the idea for the twenty-four hours etc. and address the assembly they get rid of their phase fright. It is practical that the of import incident of the twenty-four hours is let out for unfastened treatment and helps the kids to develop their critical thought. School is a fantastic platform to convey out the pupils knowledge, accomplishment and desire. In order to do our school kids rational and to carry through their aim we have 9 nines like literary nine, cooking nine etc. operation in our school. These nines facilitate each kid to happen, to pattern and to execute their accomplishments. It helps them in bettering their ego assurance. We have a programme called ‘Fancy Fete ‘ on every Republic twenty-four hours ( 26th Jan. ) . It ‘s a show semen gross revenues of trade plants made by our kids particularly with waste stuffs, for a baronial cause. Every twelvemonth they donate the full returns of this programme to a charitable place.Decision:An effectual instructor can hold a profound influence on larning so as to increase the pupil acquisition additions. School is an sphere where a pupil learns everything. This is a topographic point where a pupil learns everything. This is a topographic point where a kid is made to set his whole potency to raise his/her concealed thoughts. All our patterns are aimed at making good human existences and non any peculiar professionals. It might be a little measure for us but it ‘ll be a elephantine spring for the advanced instruction – learning field. If our motivation is good it ‘s certain that we can make admirations.RecognitionI, V.Minnalkodi, Principal of Sri Seshaas International Public School, Salem, Tamil Nadu, thank whole heartedly, the God Almighty for His approvals and for being ever with me. I unfeignedly thank my direction for their support and counsel particularly for my letter writer, Mrs.B.Amarjothi for her friendly attack. I wish to thank my co-workers and pupils who are the existent platform of my acquisition. I besides wish to thank my household members who are my moral protagonists.

Film Analysis – Blade Runner

MAC 170: INTRODUCTION TO FILM STUDIES ASSIGNMENT ONE – FILM ANALYSIS FILM CHOSEN: Blade Runner (1982) EXTRACT: INT – Sebastian’s Building, starting with the shot of Deckard climbing up the wall. Duration: 9 minutes (Chapter 30, Blade Runner: The Final Cut, 2007) The following essay will be a close analysis of an extract from the 1982 film Blade Runner, which was directed by Ridley Scott. Blade Runner is a science-fiction film based on the book ‘Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep’ which was written by Phillip K. Dick.This essay will also explore how Ridley Scott’s use of mise en scene and editing in Blade Runner can exhibit him as an auteur. An ‘auteur’ is known as the ‘author’ of the film; a director that uses recognisable and similar traits and themes throughout a number of their films. The ‘auteur’ was created through the ‘auteur’ theory, which argues that the director is the most importan t person behind making a film. It was first established by an establishment of film makers in 1950’s Paris. Some of these film makers were Francois Trauffaut, Jean Luc-Goddard and Jacques Rivette.They were angered by a critical establishment in France that lauded a film’s fidelity to a screenplay or novel and regarded the film director as merely a translator of material from the verbal medium to the cinematic. For this view Trauffaut and company substituted a notion of personal cinema – a cinema in which the director, not the screenwriter, could be seen as the controlling force behind the film. (Allen & Gomery, 1985: 71-72) This quote explains how the auteur theory was established, and how Trauffaut created la politique des auteurs, which is a policy in which the director is the main creative force when making a film.Ridley Scott can be classed as an auteur for his repeated use of strong female characters, which are present both in Blade Runner, Alien (1979) and Thelma & Louise (1991), the future and the unknown, and the ‘created’ human. This essay will explore these points using the close analysis of Blade Runner, whilst also comparing Blade Runner to Alien. Ridley Scott can be classed as an auteur for his use of setting in his films; he tends to create a post-apocalyptic setting, mainly set in the ot-so-distant future. This can be seen in the extract of Blade Runner, from the wide angle, long shot of Deckard on the roof. The tall buildings, which are close together, help to connote an industrialised city, and the lack of organic matter helps to show the futuristic world as very bleak, old and dirty. The use of space surrounding Deckard when he is hanging from the roof help to establish that the city lacks people and is very de-humanised and an almost dystopia, which is very similar to Alien.Alien and Blade Runner warn us against a capitalist future gone wrong, where such feelings and bonds are so severely truncated that a qu ite literal dehumanization has become perhaps the gravest danger. (Byers, 1990: 39) This dehumanization feature which Ridley Scott has placed into both Blade Runner and Alien gives both films a sense of fear to the audience when both films were first released, that the possibility of the earth being dehumanized is quite great.The shot of Deckard hanging from the roof also shows how high the building is, with the audience barely being able to see the floor, which helps to connote a sense of uncertainty from the audience, as they are unsure as to whether or not Deckard will fall. The use of rain in this scene is very powerful, as it makes the scene feel very depressive, creating a bleak aspect to the film whilst also creating a ‘bad feeling’ for the audience, as it connotes to the audience that something bad is going to happen.This helps to establish a bleak, industrialised future, a one in which there are little humans on earth in Blade Runner, similar to Alien which can help to describe Ridley Scott as an auteur. Ridley Scott can also be defined as an auteur for his use of strong and determined protagonists, especially in Blade Runner and Alien. In this scene extract, Deckard can be seen as a strong protagonist due to his determination to ‘retire’ Roy. This scene however, also shows the audience the similarities between Roy and Deckard.The cross cutting editing used at the start of the scene when both characters are dealing with their similar hand injuries helps to show the similarity between Roy and Deckard as they are both dealing with the same sort of pain. Deckard in this scene seems very determined to retire Roy, however when Roy does die, the audience seem to get the feeling that Deckard seems sad about this. The editing in this extract is quite slow at first, using long shots before cutting helping to create a slow pace to the scene.The extract then changes pace however, when Roy is ‘hunting’ Deckard, the editing b ecomes quite fast and rapid making it exciting for the audience to watch. The shot when Roy smashes his head through the wall helps to show the slow pace turning fast. The way the editing is quite slow and then there is a jolt – the point where Roy smashes his head through the wall – the editing then speeds up a little after this shot, until Roy’s death where the editing slows down rapidly, using slow-motion to evoke sadness from the audience.The Roy smashes his head through the wall helps to show a sense of power from Roy, which creates a sense of danger toward Deckard from the audience, making them feel like he is not safe. There are a lot of cross-cuts between Roy and Deckard, which helps the audience to see the similarities between the two characters, almost hinting that Deckard could be a replicants too. The fading between the dead Roy and Deckard, and the use of close ups on Deckard’s sad face makes the audience feel quite sad too.In this scene we l earn that Roy just wanted to live and not be a ‘slave’ which creates empathy from the audience. The significance of the dove which is released when Roy dies connotes that the bird was almost a representation of Roy – and the shot of the bird flying away is a symbol of Roy finally being ‘free’ which leaves the audience feeling sad and almost regretful that they saw Roy as the villain, especially when we see him jumping in and out of the shadows at the beginning of the scene, as if this was almost a game to him.In this scene, Roy can be seen as the anti-hero. The use of lighting surrounding Roy when he has died makes him appear almost god-like, signifying him as powerful, which he has been throughout this scene. The long shot of Roy and Deckard, when Roy has just pulled the dangling Deckard from the roof to safety signifying that Roy can be seen as an anti-hero, connotes that Roy has more power over Deckard. The way Deckard is lying on the floor at Roy ’s feet shows Deckard in a submissive way, that human’s are powerless against replicants.The close up, low angle on Roy’s face after this, makes the audience feel quite scared of Roy. His eyes are big, almost ‘crazy’ and the way Pris’ blood is running down his face make the audience feel scared of Roy. Ridley Scott’s lack of lighting in this extract can help to identify Ridley Scott as an auteur, as he also uses a lack of lighting in Alien. The shot of Roy behind the barbed wire, almost signifying a caged animal which replicants have shown similarities to throughout the film, creates a sense of fear and uncertainty for the audience.The way the light is shining behind him creating a lot of shadows, makes Roy seem a little mysterious as the audience are uncertain as to what is going to happen next. The way the lighting throughout the extract creates a lot of shadows, making the extract feel bleak and dark, creating almost a Film Noir fee l to the film, creates a bleak, and dark feel for the audience. Throughout the extract, the only lighting we see is artificial, as the only light comes from lamps, bright lights from a ‘Spinner’ advertising the new world or bright neon billboard’s which helps to give the film an artificial and futuristic tone.Ridley Scott’s use of dark colours in this scene, such as grey, black and blue, creates a sinister feel to the scene making the audience know something bad is going to happen. This is similar to Alien, as all the lighting in that film is artificial too, coming from the lights from the ship, and the 1984 Mac advert which Ridley Scott directed, can define him as an auteur. The way Ridley Scott continually uses similar features and themes among his films helps to exhibit him as an auteur.Blade Runner and Alien are very similar in terms of editing and mise en scene, the use of this in Blade Runner helps to establish Ridley Scott as an auteur as he uses th ese themes and effects in many more of his films. Word Count: 1505/1602 Bibliography Allen, R. C. & Gomery, D. (1985) Film History: Theory and Practice, McGraw Hill Byers, Thomas B. (1990) ‘Commodity Futures’ in Kuhn, A. (ed. ) Alien Zone, Cultural Theory and Contemporary Science Fiction Cinema, London: Verso. Caughie, J. (ed. ) (1981) Theories of Authorship, London: Routledge Nelmes, J. (ed. ) (2003) Introduction to Film Studies, London: Routledge

By Fredrik Erixon of the European Centre for International Political Economy

By Fredrik Erixon of the European Centre for International Political Economy Russia s command to fall in the World Trade Organisation ( WTO ) , filed in 1993, has been the longest accession saga in the history of the universe trade organic structure. Yet now, after bilateral trades with the US and the European Union that secured their support for the rank command, Russia looks set to fall in the pantheon of rules-based planetary capitalist economy at some point following twelvemonth. This is welcome intelligence. Russia would profit from being portion of the WTO nine. Its exports will non acquire much of a encouragement because they are dominated by the hydrocarbons and minerals ( stand foring more than two tierces of entire exports ) and they are already traded at zero or really low duties. But Russia will profit from lower monetary values of imported consumer and industrial goods, and, hopefully, from an addition in foreign direct investing ( FDI ) . If the Kremlin besides decides to follow the WTO regulation book, rank will assist to restrain Russia s fickle trade policy, particularly its regular descents into protectionism. Naturally, that would be of value for exporters to Russia ( and for importers of Russian goods, excessively, as Russia on a regular basis uses export revenue enhancements ) , but the biggest donee would be Russia itself. The biggest casualty of protectionism is ever the state that imposes such steps. Other states would profit from Russian WTO rank through a decrease in duties mean duties will travel down from 12-14 per centum to around 8 per centum and from an betterment in their predictability. The sectors that will profit specifically from a decrease in duties are civil aircraft, building, agricultural and scientific equipment, and medical devices. Russia will necessitate to present greater transparence ( and less favoritism ) in its system for merchandise criterions, licences and other alleged non-tariff barriers ( NTBs ) . Furthermore, sectors dependent on rational belongings, such as chemicals and biotechnology, will profit from holding resort to the WTO s agreement on rational belongings rights ( TRIPS ) to train Russia s shambolic IPR policy. Finally, foreign Bankss and insurance houses will be granted bigger chances to make concern in Russia. But there are besides hazards and downsides to holding Russia as member of the WTO. The biggest hazard is that the Kremlin will merely ignore opinions against Russia in the dispute-settlement system, the anchor of the WTO. As the WTO itself can non implement opinions that require policy alteration in a state, the system requires that states respect the authorization of the dispute-settlem ent organic structure and that bigger and more powerful states avoid playing power games with smaller states over opinions. The instance for esteeming opinions is simple: it is in everyone s involvement that states adhere to hold regulations. The failing is the same as for all systems that depend on enlightened involvement for a common good: some may liberate drive on the system in the belief that it benefits them, at least in the short term. And if some are free-riding, others will follow. And the system will unknot. This hazard is underlined by Russia s recent history of flashing international understandings ( and, as in the instance of the Energy Charter Treaty, retreating from understandings ) in the belief that no 1 would hold the bravery to contend the Kremlin to the acrimonious terminal. Russian rank will besides add a new bed of troubles for WTO dialogues, like the current Doha Round. Russia will be portion of the protectionist wing of the rank and will defy in countries that are cardinal to universe trade today and in future, like liberating up services trade, cutting ruddy tape that prevents trade, and restricting the freedom to subsidise domestic houses at the disbursal of foreign rivals. It will besides implement the resistance to turn toing old issues, like cut downing or extinguishing duties on consumer and industrial goods. Russia s fabrication sector is weak it merely represents 6-7 per centum of Russia s export and suffers from the Dutch disease: the heavy trust on hydrocarbon exports have pushed the existent exchange rate to such a grade that the fabrication sector has suffered. Many industries are saddled with old Soviet engineerings, and they survive on subsidies and boundary line protectionism. There are positive marks that Russia is acute to alter its economic theoretical account. The new Kremlin rhetoric on modernisation and the denationalization plans suggest that energy and state-based economic dictatorship is on a downward tendency. The new morning in its rank command for the WTO is besides a good mark. But the marks are far excessively few to be cheerful about Russian economic policy. Like earlier, optimism over the WTO accession can shortly switch to pessimism. The old theoretical account is entrenched in the Kremlin economic mind and there are many powerful figures that dislike the thought of being constrained by international understandings or increased foreign competition. President Medvedev has now secured the support from the US and the European Union for its WTO command. Now he needs to take the battle with Kremlin co-workers and oligarchs. That may go a far bigger job. Fredrik Erixon is manager of the European Centre for International Political Economy ( ECIPE ) , an economic think armored combat vehicle based in Brussels

Contemporary Issues in World Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Contemporary Issues in World Politics - Essay Example IR focuses on the relations between the various states of the world and how their interaction and relationship are handled by the countries themselves and international organizations from the diplomatic and military perspective. Thus, when a state carries out its international relations with other states, in line with the IR theory of Realism it will mainly focus on its own interests and benefits, and very minimally from the perspective of other countries and even international perspective, and carry out actions accordingly. When the focus is on Realism, Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes are regarded as the founding fathers of this Realism theory, however the Twentieth-century Realism and the scientifically enriched and associated Neorealism is focused, it had its beginnings mainly during the Cold War. That is, Realism as a theory came into prominence particularly during the Cold War years, because both United States and Soviet Union carried out aggressive and at the same time defen sive activities in various fields from Military, space, foreign relations, etc, etc, mainly to protect their self-interests. Although, there was focus on international interests, which prevented nuclear catastrophe, even that decision of not to use nuclear weapons were based on self-interests. Both the countries threatened to use nuclear arsenal particularly during the Cuban crisis, they stepped down their aggressive postures, when their self-interests are catered or fulfilled. In the current times, there is no such an intense rivalry between countries, but still states act in a self-centric manner. The states will mainly prioritizes their national interests as well as territorial security, even over other forms of national functioning including their history, ideology, moral considerations, etc., as well as international concerns like world peace. With this motive, the states will act both in an offensive as well as in a defensive manner against other territories or nations to upho ld these aspects. That is, they could go into a ‘game’ of one-upmanship with their opponent states, indulge in exchange of harsh words, carry out war games, initiate small-scale intrusion or even wars, etc. The states will always do this mainly with a self-centric perspective, and thereby dominate other states or territories. States in the international system maximally remain in the constant state of antagonism with few countries or maximum countries. Even politically and militarily ‘insignificant’ states will have some form of antagonism or rivalry with some countries in their neighbourhood. These countries will have general distrust and that will focus them to orient their international relations with those countries in a self-centric manner. This is happening even in the environment of strong overseeing International Organizations (IOs). Although, IOs are developed and supported by states to foster cooperation, goodwill and peace among the nations, each state had or still having various personal motivations or self-interests to support IOs and importantly act through them. IOs started evolving after the formation of sovereign state system, and as states only form and operate IOs, states have major stakes in them. States act through IOs in the matters of international relations, and for other social and economic purposes. When they do that, they will first focus on their

Illness and disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Illness and disability - Essay Example A majority of the health differences are a function of finance. Social support is the most critical of these factors. Among the elderly, dementias, depression and alcoholism have been found to be the most common emotional problems. These give arise to other health problems. In particular, Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common problems among the elderly, and this requires great care and attention. Unfortunately, some of these elderly persons deny their heath challenges, and this makes the process of treating and caring for them difficult. There is however a disturbing feeling among healthcare providers that the elder should receive less concern. They are offered inferior medical assistance compared to other groups. Some physicians believe that the elderly are a burden to the healthcare system. Luckily, there are those physicians who develop a personal relationship with these patients. According to medical experts, it is important for physicians to feel the emotional side of the patients’ well-being. There is a wide range of programs available for the elderly, and some are in-home programs. However, most of these programs, especially the in-house care, are expensive and thus unavailable. According to the video, board and care homes are a good option in enhancing the quality of care among the elderly. Unfortunately, the United States does not compare well with other developed nations when it comes to caring for the elderly. As the population of the elderly continues to increase, there is need to plan for how the ir health needs will be addressed. The University of Hawaii Center on Aging. " Growing Old in a New Age: Illness and Disability."Annenberg Learner - Teacher Professional Development. Annenberg Media,  1993. Web. 20  Nov.  2014.

A paper proposal on the the Rhetoric of Sugar Sweetened Beverages Assignment

A paper proposal on the the Rhetoric of Sugar Sweetened Beverages - Assignment Example In this literature review, I intend to analytically review a variety of literature on Sugar Sweetened Beverages. Thus, I will put emphasis on a wide range of SSBs. These include, but not limited to soft drinks (soda), flavoured waters, sweetened teas, ready to drink coffees, sports drinks, and juices. Babey, Wolstein & Goldstein(2013) contend that the increase in consumption if drink that have added caloric sweeteners is attributed to less healthy diets as well as health concerns such as overweight and obesity. What is the problem addressed in the literature review? The problem addressed is that there is the increased consummation of SSBs and consequently increased rates of obesity and overweight. Overwhelming research as presented in a wide range of literature has specifically cited increased consumption of SSBs as the main cause of the increased rates of obesity. Over the last four decades for instance, the rates of obesity and weight gains have tripled. Statistics of study carried out by Ogden & Carrrol (2010) between 2007 and 2008 established that one in every six children and adolescents aged between 2 and 9 is obese. These statistics are worrying. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (1998), obesity increases the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, various cancers, and many other chronic diseases. As such, the increased rates of consuming SSBs have the risk of escalating the already increased cases of obesity. This will consequently case a major strain to the public health care system. Currently, the U.S government spends more than $174 billion annually in treating obesity. It also spends more than $147 billion annually in treating health problems related to obesity and overweight. According to Wang et al. (2012), this accounts for more than 9.1 percent of the government’s health care expenditure. This has led to widespread concerns over the need to control the major causes of diabetes and ove rweight. What are the questions addressed in the literature review? The questions addressed in my literature review are: 1. What can be done to reduce the rate of SSBs consumption? 2. What role can the media play in reducing the rate of SSBs consumption? What gaps have you discovered in the literature? An analytical review of the literature on SSBs consumption reveals that there exists a large gap between the increasing rate of SSBs consumption and the measures that can be used to reduce these rates. There is also a large gap in regard to the role played by the media and the increased rates of SSBs consumption. There also exists a gap on the approaches to be used on reducing SSBs consumption. Generally, the approaches to reducing intake have varied. Some literature proposes a tax on sugar sweetened beverages, while other literature advocates an extreme tax on SSBs. On the other hand, some literature argues that a tax will not suffice at all. Most literature argues that there is stro ng link between the high levels of consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and obesity and adverse effects on the public health care system. Babey ,Wolstein & Goldstein H (2013) claim that soda and other SSBs, such as energy and sports drinks, are the largest source of added sugar in the diets of both children and adults in the U.S. It is argued that liquid calories do not satisfy as well as solids, and SSBs add calories instead of replacing them. It is suggested

Managerial Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial Accounting - Assignment Example 5. Machine requirements Man hour costs 1,000*15=$15,000 1,000*12.50=12,500 2,500 Man hour costs forms part of direct labour costs since it must be met for the process to take place. 6. Engineer’s charges Monthly salary= 42,000/12=$3,500 This forms part of the indirect labour cost since it is not primary for the initial stage of the project. (ii) The valuation in the context of the proposed tender is valid hence need to be considered by the company. The direct costs being considered on the basis of absorption cost are lower than the overall revenues expected from the entire project. Direct material A is the direct material A available in stock and awaiting to be used in the manufacturing process. Direct material B is the direct material B available in stock and awaiting to be used in the manufacturing process. Direct Labour is the amount of direct labour that will be used in the production process to generate initial revenue. (iii) Revised schedule Engineering specification 2,0 00 Direct material A 72,000 Direct Material B 3,000 Components 9,000 Direct Labour 15,000 Supervision 400 Machine hire 3,000 Overhead costs 6,500 Total 110,900 (b) . Total revenue from the project $100,000 Direct material A 72,000 Direct Material B 3,000 Direct Labour 15,000 Supervision 400 Machine hire 3,000 Overhead costs 6,500 (99,900) Profits $100 The expected profits is higher than the actual profits which will lead into conflicts. Absorption costing basis tends to inflate the profits thus making them higher than the actual. (c) Non financial matters for consideration Effects on creditors The firm must adequately consider the impact its operation will have on its creditors. Labour relations. This is not financially related but it largely affects how a firm can manage to achieve its goal. 2. Althepal Ticket sales earnings (500*5) ?2,500 Food & drinks (500*3) ?1,500 Althepal’s hiring cost ?375 Special licence- ?25 (?1,900) Expected Profits ?600 McBoy Ticket sales earnings (250*5) ?1,250 McBoy hiring cost and transport (?150) Expected Profits ? 1,100 Break even point Althepal X= 400/(5-3)=200 units McBoy=150/(5-3)=75units Margin of safety Althepal 400-200=200 McBoy 150-75=75 Analysis By considering the expected profits from each of the two options, McBoy will result in higher profits than Althepal hence it should be undertaken. The expected profit of Althepal is greatly reduced due to the cost of providing the drinks and food as well as the cost of special licence charged for the sale of drinks. Both the margin of safety and break even point for both options are the same indicating that there are no external costs incurred. 3. Internal Rate of Return Definition There are basically many methods used in capital budgeting to determine the viability of investments such as Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PP), Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR), Profitability Index (PI) and the internal Rate of Return (IRR). All these techniques aim at guiding a firm on the right choice to make when deciding on the best project to undertake. However the decisions on which technique to rely on depend on the

Give an account of the main causes of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Essay

Give an account of the main causes of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and its impact on African societies - Essay Example 177). The other cause of the trade was because the labor from Africa was cheap unlike the labor they used to get back in the colonies. This therefore increased the trade even more as more laborers who were cheaply bought in auctions and ship paddocks were easily available. The higher the demand, the more the Africans were captured in Africa and shipped over only for them to go and become slaves being mistreated and humiliated by their white employers and being worked mercilessly and tirelessly. The other cause was that the African traditional leaders such as the chiefs wanted prosperity and they sought it through selling off some of their people to the European traders to be shipped over as slaves in return for getting riches such as ivory, gold, beads, clothes, shoes among others. These goods they were given in exchange with the slaves were not commonly available and hence brought about not only wealth but prestige and more power to the leaders. The slave trade caused conflicts among the African themselves splitting some communities, resulting into deaths and permanent rift that is still present in some West African states to present. These conflict were brought about because he slaves were captured during raids of communities and once the raid took place, then conflicts between the communities ensured resulting in more fighting, death, destruction of property and political system among other negative consequences (Green, 2012, pg. 179). Male slaves that were muscular and energetic were the ones sought after to be sold and this happened in large numbers as slave trade was at one point the main source of export in West Africa. This resulted in disproportion in the male population as well as break-up of the traditional family setup as women were forced to be the heads of households as well as offer security to their homesteads in addition to being the bread winners. Without strong males, the Africans became vulnerable to attacks as well as dwindle in farm

ECONOMICS FOR BUSINESS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ECONOMICS FOR BUSINESS - Coursework Example While these were being implemented, their application had to be prioritised so that the government would offer what was socially and economically healthy to the citizens. These policies were to be implemented to improve the supply side structure of the economy and, therefore, touched on the firms, markets and industries. In this, the government aimed at improving the efficiency of firms, its productivity efficiency and effectiveness as it argued that much of the things that made the country to lag behind were caused by micro economic factors and not majorly from the external environment. The government minimised the distortions that apply in the market so that it remains competitive and productive and have a more efficient allocation of resources. This locative efficiency has allowed the resources to flow to areas where they are used more efficiently. The tariff protections have been removed from the industries which are inefficient. This has allowed the diversion of resources to areas which are more productive and, therefore, increasing the output. The government has subsidised the costs of importation of the new technology in a bid to increase the efficiency in production with minimum costs. This has been the case as the technically efficient industries have had reduced use of resources of which has helped to shift them to other areas of the economy. The reduction of government regulations helped the producers to venture into new markets and to respond quickly to the changing patterns in the economy and demands that come with it. This has set up the pace for the introduction of new technologies and inventions as well as bringing about competition that is fit for the structural changes. The government adopted the trade practices act that is meant to reduce competition through the collusive prices. This has also enabled new firms to enter the market and compete with the already existing firms. The government has removed the rigid regulations which used to control the market movements and has left the flow of the market been regulated by the demand and supply forces. The deregulations included the floatation of the dollar plus the removal of the control of RBA on the banks. These deregulations extended to the transport and telecommunication industries. This led to greater efficiency and productivity in these sectors, which was reflected in the whole economy. These were highlighted in the national economic reform policy which dated back to 1995. The government set up policies to ensure corporatisation and privatisation. This has brought about structural changes in the government business enterprises and has, therefore, ended up working independently from the governmen t eradicating political interference in their working. Industries like Qantas and Telstra have been privatised to be more competitive. The government carried out reforms in the labour market, where there arose a

A Variety of Society Factors Cause Homelessness Essay Example for Free

A Variety of Society Factors Cause Homelessness Essay National Coalition for the Homeless is a charity that fights to end the homelessness through grassroots organizing, public education, and policy advocacy. They have pointed out the causes for the increasing number of homeless people in the U.S since 2000 in the article â€Å"A Variety of Social Factors Causes Homelessness.† Why is the number of the homeless people increasing day after day in the U.S? Poverty and the homelessness are the current controversial problem that has so many different causes from different countries all over the world. There are three main factors that the National Coalition for the Homeless pointed out in their article such as eroding work opportunities, a decline in public assistance, and a lack of affordable housing in the U.S. Do the authors clearly explain the problem in their article? For an article to be effective, it is imperative that it is clear on its purpose. In the previous essay, the author is successful in identifying the principle behind the article. From the first paragraph, the author is focused on addressing the causes of homelessness in the society (National Coalition for the Homeless 1). Therefore, the reader is aware of the rationale behind the article and its functions after reading the first paragraph. Importantly, this is observable in the consequent paragraphs of the article. The heading choice is consistent with the purpose of the article. The key words in the heading depict that the author is exploring the issue of homelessness in the society. The topic depicts that there are numerous social factors that contribute to the issue of homelessness. This influences the mindset of the readers when they are engaging the article, since they are aware of the contents of the essay, which clarifies that homelessness is a result of complex social factors. This is instrumental in ensuring that the readers comprehend the contents of the article better. When exploring the problem in the article, the author focuses on the predicament of homelessness. In addition, the author uses relevant examples to highlight the problem in depth. This is evident in the statistical data in the third paragraph, which is relevant to the U.S. society: In 2000, 11.3% of the U.S. population, or 31.1 million people, lived in poverty. While the number of poor people has decreased a bit in recent years, the number of people living in extreme poverty has increased (National Coalition of Homelessness, paragraph 3, page 1). The author uses information on poverty levels, and current housing situations to explore the issue of homelessness comprehensively. The author is also clear on the causes of the previous problem. In the article, the author identifies poverty and lack of housing, which is affordable as the primary cause for homelessness in the society. These statistics from the Institute for Children and Poverty are particularly revealing: In the institute fo r Children and Poverty study, 37% of homelessness families had their welfare benefits reduced or cut last year. Additionally, a second study of six states found that between 1997 and 1998, 25% of families who had stopped receiving welfare in the last six months doubled-up on housing to save money, and 23% moved because they could not pay rent (National Coalition of Homelessness, page 2 – 3). However, other secondary causes are also highlighted in the article, and this includes lack of employment, low wages, and a decrease in social support, among others. The author correlates the secondary and primary causes to explore the problem. Despite the author actively highlighting the homelessness problem being experienced in the society, there is not solution provided for the problems. The author concentrates on the social factors which contribute to the problem and how they contribute. The essay is exhaustive when exploring the topic. The author uses numerous examples to explain the significance of the problem. For instance, the author explores the significance of the health sector in the issue of homelessness. This example gives a new dimension to the topic and shows the complexity of the social issues causing homelessness. In addition, the article is valid. This is due to the author’s use of authoritative sources in the field. This is evident in the statistical data, from studies by the Housing and Urban Development (HUD), on the previous problem. The author also engages credible and accurate information on the issue giving the article authority on the topic. The author uses relevant evidence to support the claims of the article. For instance, on this issue of poverty, the author quotes data of average incomes, which is earned by American families: In the data, a 1998 study estimated that 46% of the jobs with the most growth between 1994 and 2005 pay less than $16,000 a year; these jobs will not lift families out of poverty. Moreover, 74% of these jobs pay below a livable wage ($32,185 for a family of four) (National Coalition of Homelessness, page 2). This shows the level of income earned by the American population and its influence in the housing sector. The article also has other relevant examples to support the author’s sentiments. The argument of the author also appeals to the readers emotions. This is clear in the approach of the author to highlight the effect of poverty on society and its influence on homelessness. This elicits emotions from the audience since the issues affect are relatable to the human situation. The article is characterized by the use of data and studies from various authorities on the issue. The author has been effective in making the key words in these studies clear for the audience through elaboration. Therefore, the important words in the article are defined effectively. In the second article, Homelessness is not societys problem, the author uses a challenging title, in that the view is provocative to the addressees. This appears to be a controversial perspective concerning the issue of homelessness due to the emotions related to the topic (Carnacchio 1). Despite the rationale of the article, the argument is not valid since the society cannot disassociate itself from social problems. However, the second article gives for the readers more sides of view about the homeless people. Only some of the homeless people who are not willing to assume the responsibilities associated with maintaining a job and a permanent residence. As White points out, â€Å"In Los Angeles’ inner city, Paul Koegel and M. Audrey Burnam found that nearly 80% of alcoholics in their sample of homeless adults ‘reported that their first alcoholic symptom occurred before they were first homeless’ and that in 57% of the cases this occurred at least five years before their first episode of homelessness.† (Carnacchio, page 2). The article A Variety of Social Factors Causes Homelessness provides a solid argument concerning the issue of homelessness. The author appears to be conversant with the topic and cites authoritative sources on the issue. The topic is instrumental in highlighting the numerous social factors that contribute to homelessness in the American society. Furthermore, homelessness is still a serious problem which has so many different causes but the society have not had the solutions for this problem. From all information of the article, I have learned more knowledge about the causes of homelessness in the U.S. which is a well-developed country but it does exist the homelessness. The cause is not only from the society, but it is also among to all people who are living in this world assume the responsibility for their life and their families. Works Cited National Coalition for the Homeless. A Variety of Social Factors Causes Homelessness. Current Controversies: Poverty and the Homeless. Mary E. Williams. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints Resources Center. Gale. Houston Community College. 18. Jan 2013. Carnacchio, C. J. Homelessness Is Not Societys Problem. Opposing Viewpoints: The Homeless. Ed. Jennifer A. Hurley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Houston Community College. 21. Jan 2013.

Situation Of Mcdonalds KFC

Situation Of Mcdonalds KFC McDonalds is one of the best international retailers in providing fast food services to its customers. Providing world class fast-food in more than 100 countries is the core idea of McDonalds. McDonalds provide its services in whole of the world. Mc Donalds are local and independent franchisee which is owned and operated globally. In the globally popular restaurant industry in approximately all the countries where it is operating its services McDonalds holds a major part of the share. COMPANY B : KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken is called as KFC. It is a fast food restaurant chain whose headquarteres is in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, which specializes in fried chicken and even in burgers and wraps. KFC secondz over Mcdonalds as an American icon, it is the the worlds largest fried chicken chain and the second largest restaurant chain, with over 17,000 outlets in 105 countries and territories. Founder of KFC is Harland Sanders, who began to sell fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression. The pioneer of the restaurant Sanders is the one who brought in franchising concept, with the first Kentucky Fried Chicken, the franchise opening in Utah in the early 1950s. Its rapid development saw it grow too large for Sanders to handle, and he slowly sold the company to a group of investors. Even after that also Sanders image was still used for branding; Sanders had been made a Kentucky colonel after the success of his first restaurant, and he worked as a goodwill representative for the company until in a while before his death. KFC had mixed success in 1970s and 1980s at home as it went through a series of corporate owners who had little or no familiarity in the restaurant business, although it continued to expand in overseas markets. KFC was sold to the spirits firm Heublein in the early 1970s, who were taken over by the R.J. Reynolds corporation, who sold the chain to PepsiCo. PepsiCo transformed its restaurants division by also including Pizza Hut and Taco Bell, as Tricon Global Restaurants, which was later called as Yum! Brands. The chain primarily sells fried chicken pieces and variations such as wraps,chicken burgers and starters, as well French fries,coleslaw, desserts and other soft drinks, often supplied by PepsiCo. Its most famous product is fried chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders 11 herbs and spices Original Recipe. The precise nature of these ingredients are unknown, and represent a remarkable trade secret has been kept on this delicious recipe. The famous slogan for KFC is finger lickin good, which has later been replaced by So good, and Nobody does chicken like KFC. China and US,its home country together contain around half of its outlets which are KFCs two major single markets. INTRODUCTION OF LEADERS COMPANY A: JIM SKINNER James Alan Skinner was born 1944 in Illinois. He is an American business executive. He was the Vice Chairman and CEO of McDonalds Corporation. Skinner began his career with McDonalds in 1971 as a restaurant manager trainee in Carpentersville, Illinois. Skinner graduated high school in 1962 at West High School in Davenport, Iowa,[2] he went on to start serving nearly ten years in the United States Navy, Skinner began his career with McDonalds as a restaurant manager trainee in Carpentersville, Illinois in 1971, and since then has held numerous leadership positions. He never graduated from college.[3] He started out like so many other teenagers, working as an entry-level crew person at the old McDonalds on Brady Street in Davenport.[4] Prior to becoming CEO, Skinner was President and Chief Operating Officer of the McDonalds Restaurant Group with corporate management responsibility for Asia, Middle East and Africa (AMEA), and Latin America. Prior to that, he was responsible for McDonald s Japan Limited, their second-largest market. Skinner held numerous positions in the U.S. Corporation, including Director of Field Operations, Market Manager, Regional Vice President and U.S. Senior Vice President and Zone Manager. LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Skinner COMPANY B: ROGER EATON Born in South Africa, Eaton moved to Australia in 1984.[2] Prior to becoming President and Chief Concept Officer of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), he was Senior Vice President/Managing Director of YUM! Restaurants International South Pacific from 2000 to 2008.[1] In April 2009, he appeared in an American commercial promoting the introduction of Kentucky Grilled Chicken to the KFC menu.[3] In May 2009, he appeared again in an American commercial to announce the ending of the free Kentucky Grilled Chicken that was promoted earlier. Due to overwhelming success, the company could not afford to honor the coupons, and Eaton had to announce later compensation for the coupons.[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Eaton Roger Eaton became President of KFC Corporation in early 2008. Eaton is an international restaurant industry veteran and has been with Yum! Brands for 12 years. Prior to taking on the top job at KFC, Roger was Chief Operating and Development Officer for Yum! Since 2000, he has served as Senior Vice President/Managing Director of Yum! Restaurants International South Pacific (SOPAC). Earlier in his career, Eaton was Regional Operations Director of KFC SOPAC, General Manager of KFC New Zealand and Finance Director of KFC SOPAC. Under his leadership, SOPAC has had 27 consecutive quarters of profitable same store sales growth, as well as a consistent above target new restaurant builds. http://topics.wsj.com/person/E/roger-eaton/802 Roger Eaton serves as Yum! Chief Operations Officer, a position he has held since late 2011. Roger has also served as Chief Executive Officer of KFC U.S. after serving as President of KFC Corporation. Eaton is an international restaurant industry veteran and has been with Yum! Brands for 12 years. Prior to his roles at KFC U.S., Roger was Chief Operating and Development Officer for Yum! Brands. He has also served as Senior Vice President/Managing Director of Yum! Restaurants International South Pacific (SOPAC). Earlier in his career, Eaton was Regional Operations Director of KFC SOPAC, General Manager of KFC New Zealand and Finance Director of KFC SOPAC. Under his leadership, SOPAC had 27 consecutive quarters of profitable same store sales growth, as well as consistent above target new restaurant builds. http://www.yum.com/company/srofficers.asp CURRENT SITUATION OF THE COMPANYS COMPANY A: MCDONALDS http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/Investors%202012/2011%20Annual%20Report%20Final.pdf first paragraph COMPANY B: KFC http://www.yum.com/annualreport/ first paragraph meaning of a leader: A leader is a person who influences a group of people towards the achievement of a goal. http://www.vtaide.com/gleanings/leader.htm LEADERSHIP IN COMPANY COMPANY A: MCDONALDS Truly a charismatic and transformational leader, many attribute McDonalds turn-around in the past few years to the efforts of Skinner; not only did he revitalize the organization, but he reinvented the fast food business with a new vision and direction (Hume, 2007). Early in the turn-around, he was one of the architects of the Plan to Win initiative which renewed McDonalds core focus of store operations. His election to the CEO post provided some stability and faith for the organization. Hume notes that one of the key elements to his success was his vast experience with overseas markets that gave him great diversity exposure which was crucial for the global corporation. This diversity has definitely helped giving McDonalds a competitive advantage, and was paramount in the global communication between employees and customers (Daft, 2008, p. 334). One of his noted achievements during his tenure in regards to leadership was fighting the McJob stigma; he made employees feel important and began to promote the various positions in a brighter light through advertising campaigns (Hume, 2007). In terms of Mr. Skinners philosophy, he is primarily focused on customer satisfaction. He believes that is necessary to first meet customer expectations and then focus on the restaurants themselves. The philosophy also includes keeping things simple and manageable for each store while making sure that everyone is aligned around that one idea. The idea is directed towards making a good appearance, caring about how the restaurant looks and how you present yourself. Another important aspect of his philosophy is the fear of complacency. Therefore, he encourages creativity, but also wants to make sure that people do not lose track of the chains primary objectives (Hume, 2007). Thus, there is a strong focus on coming up with good, creative strategies, and then putting the full effort into successful execution. For Mr. Skinner, a companywide initiative is always a must, and never a maybe. Skinner is also a man of values and ethics: When McDonalds was blamed for the obesity problem, he helpe d direct the company to take responsibility and help create a solution rather than pass the blame. Thus, Skinner can be seen as a moral leader and symbol of doing the right thing for McDonalds (Daft, 2008, p. 169). Finally, one of Skinners continuing main goals is talent management and leadership development (Hume, 2007). This involves critical tasks such as reorganizing individuals into different roles and identifying potential leaders to be awarded additional responsibility. While many of the Mr. Skinners values are not easily discernable on surface, his leadership was seen at the restaurants observed. The care regarding customer satisfaction was most obvious, employees were always polite and the restaurant was very clean. During some observations, employees were seen talking with regular customers beyond the normal service interactions, demonstrating some level of intimacy between them. In addition, almost all employees seemed well mannered and presented themselves well. There seemed to be a high level of morale, even with the more menial and custodial positions, which was unexpected in a fast food restaurant. In many of the locations visited, there were employee recruitment signs on the door that listed benefits; however, the application process was online. While more efficient, perhaps a stronger focus on in-person recruitment would help improving morale and result in more applications. Improving Employee Effectiveness One may initially believe that there is not really much that can or even needs to be done in order to improve efficiency in McDonalds restaurants; however, good leadership involves constantly reinforcing a brighter vision of the future and increasing value for both customers and employees. An employee should not think that just because they cook fries or flip burgers, that they cannot make a difference. Rather, by encouraging creativity and leadership even at this lowest level, the next great executive may emerge. It is important to turn each restaurants employee into a productive team member. In order to increase productivity and employee commitment, we propose several measures. The first measure would be to create a program to encourage creativity among restaurant managers, owners, and operators. In fact, the iconic Ronald McDonald was not developed by Ray Kroc or anyone at corporate, but by the owner of a local franchise (Walker Scott). Rewards should be available for coming up w ith new ideas at the restaurant level. As owners and managers are the ones who are actively involved with the day-to-day operations, they have a greater vantage point for implementing successful changes. In order for such a program to be successful, there must first be some educational programs like workshops. At the regional level, managers and owners can be brought together and taught about creative ideas. This will encourage thinking outside of the box, and furthermore can introduce individuals to the practice of creative swiping, which is a process of copying the best ideas whether they be from within your industry or from completely unrelated fields (Peters, 1987). After properly motivating the owners and managers, there should be a trickledown effect to the restaurants employees. In addition to the trickledown effect of targeting the managers, we would take steps to directly motivate individual employees as well. On this front, one of the first steps is to truly understand each and every employee. Some employees may only be working at McDonalds temporarily, but for others this may be the only available job opportunity. For such individuals, they want to maximize their job satisfaction. We would implement a program similar to those in large corporations where employees are able to set specific goals and explain their rationale for working at McDonalds and what they expect from their employment. This process would show employees that they can do more than flip burgers, for example develop leadership and management skills which can be invaluable regardless of future career plans. Managers and/or owners would apply Vrooms Expectancy Theory in this case; the attention and treatment of each employee should be personalized (Daft, 2008, p. 235). Managers would theref ore develop a plan with each employee to increase his intrinsic satisfaction, while at the same time increasing that employees productivity. Building on our focus on individuals, we would also implement a scholarship and education program. We want our employees to represent us well within our restaurants and throughout the world. We would offer high school and college aged employees a greater number of college scholarship opportunities in return for quality work and demonstration of leadership potential. Younger workers are often harder to motivate directly, but the opportunity to have someone else paying for your education is always a great motivator. The program would reward quality work such as customer service and punctuality, as well as creativity and the ability to dream like a leader. Employees must be sponsored by a manager or owner and would have to write an essay answering a question that instigates them to think creatively about how we as a corporation could improve. This would motivate even the youngest and most inexperienced ones. In fact, this could create an upstream effect on the whole restaurant or corpor ation, increase team cohesiveness and help encouraging those who are older or in higher positions to also think about making the entire organization better (Daft, 2008, p. 239). The winners would make a positive impact on the organization and earn the extrinsic reward of a scholarship. In subsequent years, this would encourage other young employees to also pursue this opportunity, be a first-class worker and think creatively about the organization. http://www.managementparadise.com/forums/foundation-human-skills-f-h-s/221122-leadership-style-mcdonald-s.html COMPANY B: KFC

The Aurora Borealis Essay -- physics space

The Aurora Borealis is made when storms on the the sun form solar winds, or large streams of charged particles streaming toward the earth.These streams could have upward of ten million megawatts of electrical power. That is enough power to light up Los Angeles. It generally takes about three days for these streams of particles to reach the earth's upper atmosphere, or ionosphere. When these charged particles hit the earth's atmosphere, they excite the atoms contained in the atmosphere. These excited atoms have a higher energy state that usual and so want to get back to a more normal energy state. The excited atoms give off excess energy in the form of heat, or the case of the Aurora Borealis, light. The trillions of excited atoms give off enough light so that we can see the light from where we live on the ground, 43-200 miles above us. The Aurora Borealis is most often seen in a striking green color, but it also occasionally shows off its many colors ranging from red to pink, blue to purple, dark to light. The reason that the aurora is seen in so many colors is that our atmosphere is made up of many different compounds like Oxygen and Nitrogen. When the charged particles that come from the sun hit the atoms and molecules of the Earth's atmosphere, they excite those atoms, giving off light. Different atoms give off different colors of the spectrum when they are excited. A familiar example is the Neon lights that we see on many business signs in our modern world. The Neon lights contain the gas Neon. These lights have electricity run through them to excite the Neon gas. When the Neon is excited, it gives off a brilliant red-orange color. The Neon lights are the same idea as the aurora, only on a lot smaller scale. Different ga... ... as a story from Scotland, tell of battles in the sky with showers of red blood. A story from the Northern Hebrides attributes the aurora to supernatural beings called Blue Men. During an active display of the aurora the Blue Men are called the Merry Dancers also known as na fir chlis (Gaelic for quick, nimble men). When the aurora moves rapidly, there is believed to be a battle going on between clans. The red light was attributed the the blood spilled during these battles. In Norse mythology, there is reference to Bifrost, or a bridge to the sky built by the Gods. This bridges was said to be on fire to keep the Giants out. In Medieval art, the aurora was dipicted as candles in the sky. In Greenland, it was said that the aurora represented the dead playing with the head of a walrus. No matter what the tale, they are all interesting and are worthy of reading.

The Immortality Pill Essay -- essays research papers

Originally when I was posed this question my immediate response was to return the Immortality pill (IP). The reason I initially responded this way, and still remain set on my belief had plenty to do with the factors involved. First, if I were to take the Immortality pill I would already know my horrific demise, such as an accident, war victim, or suicide. Secondly, just as suicide effects not only the person committing the act, but more so the family and friends in that individuals life, yet the same concept is present when making the decision to take this pill. It is just as selfish to put yourself above the values of what is morally important. Thirdly, by taking this pill it would detract from the meaning and purpose of time. Time would become meaningless if there were too much of it. Lastly, you as the individual that is now immortal would in essence be playing God, by altering destiny itself. In the process, if you’re loved ones decided not to purchase and take this pill you would eventually have to witness everyone you care about around you pass on. Although extremely deceiving, there would be many negative effects on human relationships in general. There would be no need for much of the medical industry and plenty of people would lose there careers, hurting the economy tremendously. Socially, this would impact the way people relate to each other, such as â€Å"how are you felling today?†, and â€Å"sorry to hear about your mother who is ill!† I believe as sinful human beings o...

Family Structure in Eating Disorders Essay -- Relationships Health Pap

Family Structure in Eating Disorders We are all genetically and socially affected by our families. Families serve as the matrix of our identity. It is through interactions within the family that we develop a sense of who we are and how we fit in (Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978). Parents serve as role models, providing examples for attitudes, coping skills, and eating habits, as well as setting standards for perfection, ambition and acceptance (Hall & Cohn, 1992). Many researchers claim that family dynamics are at the root of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. The role of dysfunctional family interactions in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa has been given a prominent place in the research field. Evidence for a specific family constellation in this disorder, however, has been conflicting. While the majority of studies argue for a specific family interaction style, further studies must be conducted to identify distinguishing characteristics of anorexic subtypes and to determine whether these characteristics are of a causal or consequential nature (Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978). Family focused treatments for anorexia nervosa have been developed based on accounts in family therapy literature of the "typical" anorexic or "psychosomatic" family (Weme & Yalom, 1996). Anorexic families may appear to have a perfect or ideal environment on the surface, but upon close observation little expression of affection or warmth is seen. Members of these families seldom take specific stands on issues, and conflict is avoided at all costs. Underlying dissatisfaction and tension is often present within the parental dyad. It has been suggested that parents of anorexic offspring put high expectations on their children to over-com... ...oanalysis and Eatiniz Disorders. Guilford Press: New York. Blinder, B.J., Chaitin, B.F., & Goldstein, R.S. (1988) The Eating Disorders. PMA Publishing: New York. Broberg, A. (1993). The anorectic family--an old-fashioned concept. Lakartidningen, 5@O 4550-4553. Hall, L., & Cohn, L. (1992). Bulimia, A Guide To Recovory Gurze Books: CA. Le Grange, D.C., & Rutherford, J. (1994). Redefining the psychosomatic family; family processes of 26 eating disorder families. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 3, 211-226. Minuchin, S., Rosman, B.L., & Baker, L. (1978). PYchosomatic Families. Harvard University Press: Mass. Weiss, L., Katzman, M., & Wolchik, S. (1985). Treating Bulimia. A Psychoeducational Approach. Pergamon Press: New York. Weme, J., & Yalom, J.D. (1996). Treating Eating Disorders. Jossey-Bass Publishers: San Francisco.

Salvador Dali Last Supper

February 4, 2009 Surrealistic Meeting Salvador Dali drew the pictureâ€Å"The Sacrament of the Last Supper†in 1955. This painting has quite a bit of emotion as you look and see how the apostles are kneeling. This image was created to show the futurism in the resurrection of Christ. Futurism rejects the traditional form and include art into modern technology. In this painting the most significant detail in this portrait, would be the spirt above the table in form of the cross. This figure is Jesus sprit rising out of him the night before he was going to be crucified.Everyone at the table see this spirt floating out of him and that is why they are bowing their heads. Along with this spirt rising, the large windows in the background, Dali seemed to want all the heavens see what is going on during this meal. Salvador Dali's picture is a totally different setting than the original painting of the last supper. Dali's is set in a peaceful table with bright sun that is showing happine ss and the bright future of everyone at the table. With the mountains covered in snow the setting must be cold but the people in the picture look very warm with just their light robes on while praying.Dali's picture shows the man rising above the table must be the spirit of Jesus leaving his body the night before he was crucified. The arms reaching over the people at the table show his power, strength and desire to protect the loyal ones. The Jesus at the table is in torn clothes, symbolizing a struggle during the day. He looks at peace, like he is ready for his punishment the next day. Out stretched arms of his spirit means he is floating up to the heavens, so the only thing left is just his body or shell. The other people at the table are praying for his spirit and giving thanks for the bread and wine he left them on the table.On the left arm of Jesus is a dove sitting on his hand that symbolizes the calmness of the situation. His right hand, with the fingers that look like they a re pointing to the spirit rising above shows the world  that his spirit will not be stopped no matter what they do with his shell he will live on. This surrealistic setting is the sign that Dali is portraying Jesus as a wonderful peaceful man. He is facing his ordeal with courage and dignity. He looks to be telling his people not to morn and not to hate for what is about to happen. Letting everyone know to keep faith in him and all will be well in the future.The sun shining through the clouds indicates the day is calm and warm even though the mountains have snow in them, It seems Jesus is assuring them that he will keep them all warm with his heart. There is a boat on the shore and that must mean someone with wealth and power showed up for the supper, it might belong to the one person that is in the gold robe. The setting of this background might be a place by Dali's home or  a place where he wanted to live. The big wooden beams and stone dining area proves this is a strong plac e and built to withstand anything.The arms of Jesus spirit are going through the beams and must mean that nothing is as strong as the spirit of Jesus. This surrealistic setting is the sign that Dali is portraying Jesus as a wonderful peaceful man. He is facing his ordeal with courage and dignity. He looks to be telling his people not to morn and not to hate for what is about to happen. Letting everyone know to keep faith in him and all will be well in the future. This painting has a very peaceful and serene theme as shown by the mountains, and the calm face of Jesus.

Different School Systems Essay

In 1867 Catholic’s represented 17% of the population of Ontario, while Protestants represented 82% and other religions combined to 2% of the population. At the time of the confederation there was an issue that the province would be controlled by a protestant majority and might use its power over education to take away the rights of the minority Roman Catholic population. The solution to this problem was solved by the guarantee of the rights to a denominational education by entrenching it in the Constitution. Since 1867 the population of Canada has changed along with the different religious beliefs. This exemption of Catholic school being considered public seems discriminatory towards those of different religious beliefs. With Canada’s diverse multicultural population, is it reasonable in Ontario to consider Catholic Schools public and receive government funding , while other religion based schools are considered private, and receive no funding? The obvious conclusion would be that funding should be limited to public schools that are independent from religious indoctrination because funding of Catholic schools goes against our protected Charter of Rights, current non-religious based public schools are better in meeting the demands of the population, and finally other provinces have began to stop funding of all religion based schools. The first reason against the the funding of Catholic schools is that it goes against our protected Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In charter section 15 it states that â€Å"Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and in particular without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion†¦. †. This means if Catholic schools are funded by the government, why shouldn’t other religious based school be funded as well? The justification of section 15 (2) cannot be applied since Roman Catholics were never disadvantaged in the first place. Also the idea of this funding towards Catholic schools was created in to allow denominational education towards this particular group in response to the fear of the Catholic community losing its education rights. This does not solve the problem because this action does seem fair to the educational rights of other religious minorities. Also the funding of Catholic schools goes against charter section 2 which gives the â€Å"freedom of conscience and religion; freedom of thought, belief and opinion†¦. Since a normal public school is independent from religious indoctrination why would we then have another public school going completely against that idea of independence of education? We then have cases in which coercion occurs. This funding also interferes with the idea of everyone being equal before the law since the charter section 29 basically prevents any other section of the charter to abrogates or derogates from any rights or privileges guaranteed by the Constitution of Canada. This allows for Catholic school funding continuing receiving its funding and prevents any individual to take action against this inequality. The second point which goes against the funding of Catholic Schools is the fact that current non-religious based public schools are better at meeting the demands of Ontario’s multicultural society. Since non-religious schools are free of any religious indoctrination it allows for a sense of equality being recognized by the community. The fact that there is no advantage or disadvantage being put onto a certain religious groups allows for there to be fewer arguments among different religious groups on education equality. Also since there is no religious beliefs placed in a non-religious based public school it is more free and open to all living in Ontario. Everyone is able to attend a public school without a worry of going against their own religious morals and beliefs. Also the curriculum being taught at a Catholic school is not more advanced than non-religious public schools, but instead the same standard. This means that Catholic schools being recognized as a public school system does not hold any significance except to cause disputes among individuals. The third and final point which goes against the funding of Catholic schools is the fact that other provinces have stopped funding of all religious based schools. This idea that other provinces have stopped funding these schools shows that a majority of Canada recognizes the problems with this type of funding. In Ontario it is required by law for an individual to get an education until he/she is 18 and may decide otherwise. Since every child gets a chance at a free education through the schools which the government funds, why should there be a preference in school systems which the government also funds? Why should individuals who pay taxes and send their kids to non-religious public school also have to cover for the cost for individuals who feel more special than the general population? Since no individual is really forced to go to a Catholic public school by law, why should it be considered public? In conclusion the idea of Catholic Schools being considered public was created to protect the education rights of the minority (Roman Catholics) during time of confederation. Now that time has passed the population of Ontario has changed and along with the religious beliefs of that population. This privilege given to the Roman Catholics now should change to accommodate the population of Canada. This should be done so by limiting funding to public schools that are independent from religious indoctrination because funding of Catholic schools goes against our protected Charter of Rights, current non-religious based public schools are better in meeting the demands of the population, and finally other provinces have began to stop funding of all religion based schools.

British Healthcare System

Heath Care in the United Kingdom The British Health Care system (or National Healthcare Service NHS) is one of the best in the world. The British government, through the National Health Service, provides the majority of health care. The program is funded by taxes, and the entire system is free at the point of service. Each nation has its own part of the health care service, so, National Health Service (England) Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland  (HSENI), NHS Scotland, and NHS Wales. Each system operates independently, but if a citizen needs treatment in another country isn’t a problem.Foreign nationals will receive free treatment if they are in an emergency in the United Kingdom, and if you become a permanent resident of the UK and have been there for 12 months you will also receive free healthcare. About 18% or (4. 9% of their GDP from 2000-10) of the United Kingdom’s budget is used on the NHS, or about ? 119 billion ($190 billion). The Conservatives are ver y fond of their brilliant health care plan of course, saying that: â€Å"The NHS is our country's most precious asset.Over the last two years, because of the dedication of staff across the country, the NHS has maintained or improved quality across the board – reducing waiting times to record lows, reducing hospital infections to their lowest levels ever, increasing access to dentistry, delivering more doctors and fewer administrators, and giving thousands of patients the cancer drugs they need† (Conservatives) Currently, there is plenty of criticism surrounding the NHS among the shadow party, one major issue being that the ‘NHS is on a fast track to fragmentation. –Andy Burnham the shadow health secretary. â€Å"He said politicians needed to challenge the assumption that autonomy always led to improvement. While some organizations had thrived on autonomy, such as inner city teaching hospitals, others had struggled – leading to high profile failures such as the deaths at Mid Staffordshire hospital. We are genuinely at a big fork in the road,† Burnham said. â€Å"We're on a fast track to fragmentation. Partnership is very important in that context.Once it's been smashed to bits we have to try and glue bits back together. He said the key partnership in the sector was between health and local government, adding that he feared placing commissioning in the hands of clinicians would lead to a patient-centred, rather than person-centred, approach to health. † (Guardian) There is still much to be done to make perfect the NHS. The Conservatives have about 6 main goals that needs to get done in the near future: * Cutting the cost of NHS administration * â€Å"We will cut NHS bureaucracy by ? 4. billion over the course of this Parliament and reinvest every penny straight into frontline patient services. † * Giving more power to patients * We will allow patients the choice to register with a GP practice of their choice for the first time. * We will roll out personal health budgets allowing people to have more choice, flexibility and control over the health services and care they receive * Giving doctors and nurses the power to commission services for their patients * We will hand over commissioning power to the 212 Clinical Commissioning Groups in April 2013. Conservatives) Also, another criticism is that there could be a possibility for User Spending as stated by Professor Lord Darzi: â€Å"A review of the NHS  prompted criticism of the government and the department of health for paving the way for user charging,  and so contradicting the NHS Plan 2000 which stated that â€Å"user charges are unfair and inequitable in they increase the proportion of funding from the unhealthy, old and poor compared with the healthy, young and wealthy†.The report also introduces the concept of ‘personal budgets'. † (Wikipedia/ ‘High Quality Care For All’) Sources: http://www. conservatives. com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Health. aspx http://www. guardian. co. uk/healthcare-network/2012/oct/03/andy-burnham-nhs-reforms-fragmentation http://www. economist. com/node/21557793 Professor Lord Darzi KBE (2008-06-30). â€Å"High Quality Health Care For All† http://www. guardian. co. uk/commentisfree/2008/jul/01/nhs. health1

Success, challenges and future prospects of IS outsourcing in the UK: A case study of an UK company outsourcing most of its IS activities.

Outsourcing has become increasingly attractive for many organizations. In such relationship, a company contracts with a vendor that rents its skills, knowledge, technology, service and manpower for an agreed-upon price and period to perform functions the client no longer wants to do. Much attention has focused recently on the outsourcing of IS/IT services to countries such as India and the Philippines. Indeed outsourcing any business activity creates potential risks as well as benefits.Companies can find themselves overly dependent on suppliers, and they can lose strength in strategically core competencies. Interestingly, given the importance of the outsourcing decision and the amount of academic and practitioner literature on it, there is surprisingly little consensus about the topic, probably because of the multiplicity and complexity of the factors involved. In this section, the authors identified six key factors that companies should consider when making outsourcing decisions. Th e framework, which helps assess the pros and cons of outsourcing, can be applied specifically to IS/IT functions.Changes in the broader business environment are affecting nearly every aspect of how companies manage their human resources, altering the balance of pros and cons for outsourcing IS/IT business process. First, conflicting pressures in the labor market have brought the role of human resources to the fore. On the one hand, the 1990s bought the so-called war for talent for IT professionals. On the other hand, intensifying competitive pressures have forces companies to be more aggressive in cutting costs, often by reducing head count.Human resources have had to manage such downsizing, while also trying to be innovative in attracting and retaining valuable employees. Second, IS/IT themselves have become the target for belt-tightening efforts, and they must now find ways to provide more value at lower cost. Many have argued that the key is to focus on activities that are essent ial and outsource the rest. Third, the growing complexity and increasing regulatory changes in the legal environment for human resource management, in particular in the areas of health care, stock-related compensation, overtime-pay calculations, pension reform, and eligibility for contingent workers.This has driven demand for outsourced IS/IT activities from vendors that are subject-matter experts. Globalization poses a comparable challenge, requiring IS/IT departments to address the needs of the business and moving between different countries and markets. Lastly, mergers and acquisition have become increasingly frequent, creating huge IS/IT integration challenges. Often, IS/IT is charged with the simultaneous tasks of integrating and managing the technologies and business processes in the face of continuous change. Problem StatementThe primary objectives of this dissertation will be to investigate the issues involved in factors affecting the success or failure of outsourcing IS/IT activities. Before doing this however there will have to be a thorough examination of the current state of global IT outsourcing services. The main task of the research is to find out what actually makes outsourcing work for Welsh Water. Challenges of having multiple suppliers and the steps Welsh Water undertakes to make outsourcing success. The following is a list of objectives which the author aspires to accomplish in the dissertation:– To analyse the objectives for outsourced services, selecting outsourcing suppliers, benchmarking. – To research contractual aspects of ‘multiple suppliers’ outsourcing, problems and risks associated with it. Assessment of contracts/SLAs: structures, similarities and differences between contracts/SLAs – What steps Welsh Waters undertakes to make outsourcing success (outsourcing program management, contract management, building outsourcing relationships, partnership, mutual benefits, communications, change control, h ow performance is measured, what constitutes for success/failure, etc)– To investigate if any proven/best practices have been adopted by Welsh Waters to mitigate the risks and manage the suppliers effectively. – To look at the ‘uneasy’ relations between the Welsh Waters IT management and some of the suppliers – To research relations between suppliers themselves (possible hostile behavior towards each other, rivalry, hidden conflicts, etc). The Overview of the Study The remainder of this study is as following statement: Chapter 2, Literature Review, will provide first a concise concept and explanation of IT outsourcing.We will examine the competitive landscape within the IT outsourcing industry. We will also define critical success factors and key trends for IT companies operating in this market. We also look different related literature on supplier management and sourcing decision framework for clients. Chapter 3, Methodology, will describe the rese arch design of this study. The research design of this study is empirical research method using secondary data for quantitative analysis. The researchers administered a case study framework to understand the factors affecting the IT sourcing decisions of clients.Chapter 4, Results, will demonstrate the results of this study. The authors will provide a brief description of the company under study, highlighting IT sourcing decision of the company. The research also will employ statistical data such as frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation on the different factors that affect the success and failure of IS/IT outsourcing. These data will be tabulated and analyzed to examine the effect of the various variables. The findings will then be generated from these analyses will be presented and interpreted.Chapter 5, Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations, the â€Å"Summary† section will first provide a comprehensive summary of the major findings of this study. The â€Å" Conclusion† section will highlight the implications of the research findings. Finally, â€Å"Recommendations† will be proposed to help companies improve IT implementation with partner suppliers and avoid pitfalls and traps. In next chapter, we will discuss the environmental analysis on Global outsourcing highlighting process management services, IT management, and data processing. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREThe literature review will first define nature of business process outsourcing. This section will offer a concise definition of IT outsourcing and its ability to thrive in a globalized economy. Then, the review will consist of three parts: (1) Environmental Analysis of the Outsourcing Industry and competitive landscape in the industry, (2) define the common IS/IT activities that are outsourced, (3) identify the key success factor of IT outsourcing and define the maturity stage of the company, and (4) the importance of customer-vendor relationship in providing innova tive solutions to the clients.Defining of Business Process Outsourcing Given the potential headaches of managing IT, it is tempting to hand the job over to someone else. Indeed, outsourcing once appeared to be a simple solution to management frustrations, and senior management teams at many companies negotiated contracts with large service providers to run their entire IT functions. At a minimum, these providers were often able to provide IT capabilities for a lower cost and with fewer hassles than the companies had been able to themselves.But many of these outsourcing arrangements resulted in dissatisfaction, particularly as a company's business needs changed. Service providers, with their standard offerings and detailed contracts, provided IT capabilities that were not flexible enough to meet changing requirements, and they often seemed slow to respond to problems. Furthermore, a relationship with a supplier often required substantial investments of money and time, which entrenche d that supplier in the company's strategic planning and business processes.The company then became particularly vulnerable if the supplier failed to meet its contractual obligations (Ross and Weill, 2002). Problems arose because senior managers, in choosing to outsource the IT function, were also outsourcing responsibility for one or more of the crucial decisions they should have been making themselves. Companies often hired outside providers because they were dissatisfied with the performance of their own IT departments—but that dissatisfaction was primarily the result of their own lack of involvement.In light of this track record, most larger companies, at least, are deciding to keep their main IT capabilities in-house. But many engage in selective outsourcing. Good candidates for this are commodity services, such as telecommunications, in which there are several competing suppliers and specifications are easy to set, and services involving technologies with which the compa ny lacks expertise. Unlike decisions to outsource the entire IT function, selective outsourcing decisions are usually best left to the IT unit, assuming that senior management has taken responsibility for overall strategy.Beaumont and Costa (2002) studied IT outsourcing in Australia. They found that almost 40% of Australian organizations outsource one or more IT applications. Large organizations tended to outsource more than small ones. The three most important reasons for outsourcing were access to skills, improved quality and focus on core business. Four factors contributed to successful outsourcing: a tight contract, a partnership, a change process, and the IT manager's role changing from managing projects and operations to acquiring and managing the internal and external resources required to do the organization's IT work.Successful IT outsourcing relationships enable participants to achieve organizational objectives and to build a competitive advantage that each organization co uld not easily attain by itself. Outsourcing success can be viewed as the level of fitness between the customer's requirements and the outsourcing outcomes. Outsourcing success can be measured in terms of both business and user perspectives. From a business perspective, outsourcing is motivated by the promise of strategic, economic, and technological benefits.The success of outsourcing, then, should be assessed in terms of attainment of these benefits. From a user perspective, outsourcing success is the quality level of services offered. A decision to outsource on the basis of saving costs without analysis of the quality of services frequently leads to higher costs and lower user satisfaction. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a proper analysis of the service quality before building a relationship with a service provider for a successful outsourcing arrangement (Lee & Kim, 1999).In this paper, we define outsourcing as the process of turning over an organization's computer cente r operations, telecommunications networks, and/or applications development to external vendors is called outsourcing (Laudon & Laudon, 2005). Loh and Venkatraman (1992a) define IT outsourcing as the significant contribution by external vendors in the physical and/or human resources associated with the entire or specific components of the IT infrastructure in the user organization. Vendors may contribute computer assets for the user from outside the organization.Alternatively, the ownership of certain computer assets of the user may be transferred to the vendor. Similarly, vendors may utilize their personnel to provide the required services, or the vendor may employ existing staff of the user. In their research, they attempted to explain the degree of IT outsourcing by using cost structures and economic performance. They found that the degree of IT outsourcing is positively related to both business and IT cost structures, and negatively related to IT performance.IT outsourcing was fr amed as a make-versus-buy decision, where contractual modes differ in the domain of influence within the corporation (Loh & Venkatraman, 1992a, 1992b). Environmental Analysis of Outsourcing Market In the global front, the increasing trend towards outsourcing is evident from the high year-on-year growth of the global market for data processing and outsourcing, a sector, which consists of the provision of commercial electronic data processing and/or business process outsourcing services.Since 2001, the market has expanded by almost 50%. The global data processing and outsourced services market reached a value of $265. 5 billion in 2005, recording a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9. 7% in the 2001-2005 period. The rise in credit card use and Internet banking/payment has created new types of problems for operators in this area; firms in this market are engaged in developing and refining data protection techniques to fight against money laundering and fraud.